The New Testament links Christ’s enthronement to his death and resurrection by using key messianic texts in the Hebrew Bible. He achieved the authority to rule because of his faithful obedience unto death, and God vindicated him by raising him from the dead.

And not only did the Father resurrect him, but He also seated him “at His right hand” where he now reigns supreme over all things.

Two passages from the Psalms figure prominently in describing his present reign. The Psalmist foresaw the reign of the Messiah commencing upon his arrival before Yahweh and his enthronement, and this is how the New Testament interprets these prophecies.

• (Psalm 2:4-8) – “He that is sitting in the heavens will laugh, My Lord will mock at them. Then will he speak to them in his anger, and in his wrath confound them. Yet I have installed my king on Zion, my holy mountain. Let me tell of a decree, Yahweh has said to me: You are My son. I, this day, have begotten you. Ask of me and let me give nations as your inheritance, and as your possession the ends of the earth” – (Hebrews 1:1-14, Revelation 1:4-6, 12:1-5).

• (Psalms 110:1) – “The declaration of Yahweh to my Lord: Sit at my right hand until I make your foes your footstool.”

Jesus himself confirmed his status as the Messiah by alluding to this very Psalm in his testimony before the high priest, and he included a passage from the book of Daniel:

• (Matthew 26:63-65) – “And the high priest said to him, I adjure you by the living God, tell us whether you are the Christ, the Son of God. Jesus said to him, You have said; nevertheless, I say to you, henceforth, you will see the Son of man sitting at the right hand of Power, and coming on the clouds of heaven.”

• (Daniel 7:13) – “I saw in the night-visions, and behold, there came with the clouds of heaven one like unto a son of man, and he came even to the ancient of days, and they brought him near before him. And there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all the peoples, nations, and languages should serve him: his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed.”

The high priest understood all too well what Jesus said, and that is why he “rent his garments, saying: He has spoken blasphemy!” Not only did Jesus identify himself as the Messiah, but he also asserted his right to reign from the throne of David.

ACCORDING TO PETER

Similarly, in his sermon on the Day of Pentecost, Peter cited the same Psalm to confirm what God accomplished only a few weeks earlier when he raised Jesus from the dead:

• (Acts 2:32-36) – “This Jesus did God raise up, whereof we all are witnesses. Being therefore by the right hand of God exalted, and having received of the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has poured forth this, which you see and hear. For David ascended not into the heavens: but he said himself: The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, Till I make thine enemies the footstool of thy feet. Let all the house of Israel therefore know assuredly, that God has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you crucified.”

According to his application of the passage, God made the crucified and resurrected Jesus both “Lord and Messiah.” Already, he reigns from God’s “right hand.” And his right to dispense the “promise of the Father,” the Holy Spirit, is proof positive of his present sovereignty.

Years later, Peter reasserted the present reign of Jesus, and, once again, he alluded to Psalm 110. As a result of his resurrection, not only is Jesus sitting at God’s “right hand,” even the hostile spiritual powers have been subjected to him – “He is at the right hand of God, having gone into heaven; angels and authorities and powers being made subject to him.” – (1 Peter 3:22).

ACCORDING TO PAUL

Likewise, Paul presents Christ’s reign as a present reality. And since Jesus possesses full authority, he reigns over all the “powers and principalities” whether hostile to him or not:

• (Ephesians 1:17-22) – “That the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, would give you a Spirit of wisdom and understanding in gaining a personal knowledge of him, the eyes of your heart having been enlightened, that ye may know what is the hope of his calling, what the riches of the glory of his inheritance in the saints, and what the surpassing greatness of his power unto us who believe, according to the energy of the grasp of his might which he energized in the Christ when he raised him from among the dead, and seated him at his right hand in the heavenlies, over-above all principality, authority, and power, and lordship, and every name that is named, not only in this age, but also in the coming one, and did put all things in subjection beneath his feet” – (See also – Colossians 1:12-20, 2:10-15).

When Paul applies clauses from both Psalms to the exaltation of Jesus to the throne, he uses verbs in the past tense. Since his resurrection, Christ has been implementing His Father’s kingdom and subjugating all His enemies, a process that will continue until his “arrival” at the end of the age – (For he must reign until he shall put all his enemies under his feet. And the last enemy, death, will be destroyed; for He put all things in subjection under his feet” – (1 Corinthians 15:20-26).

The described sequence of events leaves no room for further subjugation and victories over enemies after his return. His “arrival” will mean nothing less than the cessation of death, and the consummation of the Kingdom, and the arrival of the New Creation.

In his letter to the Philippians, Paul describes how Jesus submitted to a shameful and undeserved death on a Roman cross, and that is why God exalted him:

• (Philippians 2:8-11) – “And in fashion being found as a man, he humbled himself, becoming obedient as far as death, yea, death upon a cross. Wherefore also, God uplifted him far on high and favored him with the name which is above every name, in order that, in the name of Jesus every knee might bow, of beings in heaven and on earth and underground, and every tongue might openly confess, that Jesus Christ is Lord for the glory of God the Father.” – (Compare Romans 14:9-11).

That he is “far above” means he already holds the highest authority. His sovereignty is not limited to heaven, restricted to the earth, or delayed until some future point.

ACCORDING TO HEBREWS

In the book of Hebrews, both Psalms are cited repeatedly to demonstrate the superiority of Jesus over the now obsolete Levitical system. For example:

• (Hebrews 1:3-5) – “Having achieved the purification of sins, he sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high; having become by so much better than the angels, as he hath inherited a more excellent name than they. For to which of the angels said he at any time: You are my Son; this day have I begotten you?”

• (Hebrews 5:5) – “So Christ also glorified not himself to be made a high priest, but he that said to him: You are my Son; this day have I begotten you;as he said also in another place, You are a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek.” – (Psalm 110:4. See also Hebrews 8:1, 10:12, 12:2).

Finally, in his final address to the disciples, one echoing the second Psalm, Jesus claimed to have absolute sovereignty over the cosmos – with no stated limitations – for “all power in heaven and on the earth has been given to me.”

It is for this reason that he sends his disciples to proclaim the good news of the Kingdom of God “to all nations.” Likewise, in the book of Acts, he commands them to become his “witnesses,” beginning in Jerusalem, “and in Judea and Samaria, and to the uttermost part of the earth” – (Matthew 28:18-20, Acts 1:8).

In short, Jesus reigns now. His sovereignty began with his resurrection and exaltation to God’s “right hand.” Ever since, he has been subjugating his enemies, just as Yahweh promised. He reclaims “lost territory” for his Kingdom wherever his followers preach the “gospel of the kingdom of God.”

His reign in the present age must continue until he overthrows the final enemy, death, and the consummation of all things will coincide with his “arrival.” The overthrow of death will mean nothing less than the bodily resurrection and the New Creation.

Satan and his forces remain active in the world, but their powers are curtailed because of the exaltation of Jesus of Nazareth. Already, all the “powers and principalities and world rulers” are subjected to his lordship, and nothing is beyond his reach.

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