Jesus is the Faithful Witness who summons his disciples to emulate his example by themselves bearing faithful witness in a hostile world.

Two themes are repeated in the book of Revelation – “witness” and “overcoming,” and they are closely related. Beginning with Jesus and his own witness in his death, his followers must persevere in his “testimony,” and in this way, they “overcome” and one day will emerge victorious in the city of “New Jerusalem.” They are called to “overcome, even as I overcame.”

Jesus is presented to the “seven churches of Asia” as the “faithful witness, the firstborn of the dead, and the ruler of the kings of the earth.”

By “faithful witness” is meant the “testimony” he gave in his sacrificial death on the Roman cross on Calvary. By his shed blood, “he freed us from our sins and made a kingdom, priests for his God.”

And he became the “firstborn of the dead” through his resurrection, and the “first and the last” who possesses authority even over “death and Hades” – (Revelation 1:5, 1:18).

The Greek term rendered “witness” in English versions of Revelation is ‘martur.’ This is the term from which the noun ‘martyr’ is derived. In secular Greek, it is used for a “witness,” especially one who gives testimony in a legal proceeding.

THE TESTIMONY OF JESUS

By the first century, the term may not have assumed the full idea of a “martyr,” but as applied in Revelation, it certainly approaches that sense. The “saints” who give “testimony” for Jesus pay the consequences for doing so.

Similarly, John is introduced as one who “bore witness of the word of God and of the testimony of Jesus.” And so, he found himself banished to Patmos “on account of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus.”

And here, the term “word of God” is synonymous with the “testimony of Jesus.” And it is not just any testimony, but the “testimony” about him that placed the Apostle in personal jeopardy.

The English term “testimony” translates the Greek noun ‘martyria,’ meaning “testimony, witness.” It is related to the term ‘martur’ and refers to the “testimony” given by a “witness.”

While John may not have given his life for his “testimony,” he certainly paid a heavy price by losing his freedom and legal rights. But he was by no means the first or the last disciple of Jesus to do so.

Previously, in the city of Pergamos, the saint named Antipas was “killed among you, where Satan dwells.” In his letter to the congregation, Jesus calls him “my faithful witness [martyr],” and uses the same term applied to himself in the prologue – (Revelation 2:13).

When the fifth seal is opened, John sees the souls of saints who were “slain for the word of God, and for the testimony [martyria] which they held,” just as he was exiled because of his “witness” for the “word of God” and the “testimony of Jesus” – (Revelation 6:9-11).

In chapter 12, having failed to destroy the “woman clothed with the sun” or her “son,” the enraged “Dragon” sets out to “wage war with the rest of her seed, those that keep the commandments of God and have the testimony of Jesus.”

Once again, saints are killed because of the “testimony of Jesus.” And Satan is not alone in his vendetta. Later, the “great harlot, Babylon” is seen “drunk with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the witnesses [martyrs] of Jesus.”  – (Revelation 12:17, 17:6).

At the commencement of the “thousand years,” judgment is made on behalf of the saints who were “beheaded for the testimony of Jesus and the word of God, and have not worshipped the beast, neither his image and received not its mark upon their forehead and upon their hand.”

Once more, the “word of God” and the “testimony of Jesus” are paired. That the “witnesses” are killed is beyond doubt, as is the reason for it. But now, added to the list is their refusal to render homage to the “Beast from the sea” – (Revelation 20:4).

OVERCOME

Not only is Jesus the “faithful witness,” he is the first to “overcome.” In chapter 5, John weeps bitterly because no one is found who is “worthy” to open the “scroll sealed with seven seals.” That is until he hears one of the “twenty-four elders” command him to “weep not, for the lion of the tribe of Judah has overcome to open the scroll.”

When he looks, instead of the “lion” he sees the “Lamb as having been slain.” That is, Jesus “overcame” and qualified to open the “sealed scroll” through his death – (Revelation 5:5-6).

At the end of each of the seven letters in chapters 2 and 3, the reader finds promises made to the “one who overcomes.” The overcomer will “eat of the tree of life in the Paradise of God,” not be harmed by the “second death,” eat of the “hidden manna,” receive authority over the nations, not have his name “blotted out of the book of life,” become a “pillar” in the sanctuary in “New Jerusalem,” and sit with Jesus on “my Father’s throne.”

The churches of Asia “overcome” by rejecting the deceptions of the “false apostles,” the “Nicolaitans,” the “teachings of Balaam,” and “Jezebel, who taught my servants to eat meat offered to idols.”

“Overcoming” believers persevere through tribulations, bear faithful “witness,” and refuse to compromise with the surrounding pagan society even if doing so means their impoverishment and death.

Most critically, the saints “overcome” by refusing to render homage to the “Beast” or its image, and by not taking its “mark” or “number” even though the “False Prophet” causes those who refuse to be put to death.

• (Revelation 15:2) – “And I saw, as it were, a sea of glass mingled with fire; and them that overcame the beast and its image, and the number of its name, standing by the sea of glass, having harps of God.”

Likewise, at the start of the “thousand years,” “judgment is given” for the saints because they suffer martyrdom for their “testimony,” and because they refuse the “mark of the beast.”

Finally, after the “Dragon” is expelled from heaven, a voice declares that the “brethren overcame” him by the “blood of the Lamb, by the word of their testimony, and because they loved not their lives unto death” – (Revelation 12:11).

HOW TO OVERCOME

Thus, giving “faithful testimony” and “overcoming” Satan are two sides of the same coin. Put another way, bearing faithful “witness” is how the persevering saint “overcomes” the “Dragon.”

This does not mean every saint must die a martyr’s death. While John suffered banishment for the “testimony of Jesus,” he was not executed, at least, not in the book.

And in the province of Asia, some believers suffer “imprisonment,” and others are accused falsely by members of the “synagogue of Satan.” Not all members of the congregation experience martyrdom. Regardless, Jesus exhorts the churches to be “faithful unto death, and I will give you the crown of life.”

The last clause provides the key for how believers “overcome” – “faithfulness unto death.” Likewise, the brethren “overcome” the “Dragon” because they do not “love their lives unto death.” It is that level of allegiance to Jesus that separates “overcomers” from those who “eat meat offered to idols.”

Thus, to “overcome” the saint must persevere in his or her “witness” for Jesus whatever the consequences may be. And if that means his untimely death, he will “overcome” the Devil and his works in the same manner as did his Lord and Master.

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